Load Frequency Control of Multi-microgrid System considering Renewable Energy Sources Using Grey Wolf Optimization

Abstract:
ABSTRACT Grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is used in this paper for optimal tuning of PID controller gains used in secondary frequency control of an autonomous microgrid system and the multi-microgrid system operates in isolation. Gains of PID controller and Integral time absolute error are considered as control variables and fitness function, respectively. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) which are the high degree of non-linear such as Wind Turbine Generators (WTG), Solar Photovoltaic generators (SPV) are included in the test systems. The Diesel engine generator (DEG) and Battery energy storage system (BESS) has been considered for immediate load frequency control sources during perturbation in the system frequency. Various scenarios are considered in this paper to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller. Scenarios include only a sudden change in load, wind power and solar power integration, simultaneous incorporation of RES and diverse load, parametric uncertainty have been considered. Dynamic response of the system and the cropped numerical results ascertain the signature of the proposed GWO controller in lowering the deviations and settling time. Prior-art controllers existing in the literature have been used to compare and validate the obtained results. Abbreviations: RES: Renewable energy sources; KE: Gain of DEG; BESS: Battery Energy Storage System; KBES: Gain of BESS; LFC: Load Frequency Control; TWTG: Time constant of WTG; DG: Distributed Generation; KWTG: Gain of WTG; SPV: Solar Photovoltaic; A: Swept area; DEG: Diesel Engine Generator; TBES: Time constant of BESS; ACE: Area Control Error; TE: Time constant of DEG; FC: Fuel Cell; β: blade pitch angle; WTG: Wind Turbine Generator; CP: Performance coefficient; ΔF1: Frequency deviation in microgrid-1; ΔPWT: Change in output wind power; ρ: air density factor; λ: tip speed ratio; Vrated: nominal wind speed; Δψ: Change in solar radiation; R1: Speed regulation constant of microgrid-1; VW: wind speed; R2: Speed regulation constant of microgrid-2.; Vcut–in: cut-in wind speed; ΔF2: Frequency deviation in microgrid-2; Vcut–out: maximum cut-out wind speed; ΔPC: Control signal to governor; Psize: Population size; PID controller: Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller; ΔPL: Change in Load; T12: Synchronizing coefficient between microgrid-1 and microgrid-2; iter: Current iteration; GWO: Grey wolf optimization; itermax: Maximum iterations; Kpmax: upper bound of proportional gain ; Kpmin: lower bound of proportional gain; Kimax: upper bound of integral gain; Kimix: lower bound of integral gain ; Kdmax: upper bound of derivative gain; Kdmin: lower bound of derivative gain; ΔPTie–line: incremental change in tie line power exchange between microgrid-1 and microgrid-2; ΔPDG: Change in DEG output power; ΔPBES: Change in BESS power; T1: Governor Time constant; ΔPPV: Change in Solar power; T2: Transportation delay time constant; Prated: Rated wind power output; D: Load damping constant; PWT: Power from wind Turbine; H: Inertia Constant
Author Listing: Srinivasarathnam c;Chandrasekhar Yammani;Sydulu Maheswarapu
Volume: 7
Pages: 198 - 217
DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2019.1630057
Language: English
Journal: Smart Science

Smart Science

影响因子:1.4 是否综述期刊:否 是否OA:否 是否预警:不在预警名单内 发行时间:- ISSN:2308-0477 发刊频率:- 收录数据库:ESCI/Scopus收录 出版国家/地区:- 出版社:Taylor & Francis

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年发文量 50
国人发稿量 -
国人发文占比 0%
自引率 7.1%
平均录取率 -
平均审稿周期 -
版面费 -
偏重研究方向 Engineering-Engineering (all)
期刊官网 https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tsma20/current
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92.00% 1.80% - -

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《2019年中国科学院文献情报中心期刊分区表升级版(试行)》首次将社会科学引文数据库(SSCI)期刊纳入到分区评估中。升级版分区表(试行)设置了包括自然科学和社会科学在内的18个大类学科。基础版和升级版(试行)将过渡共存三年时间,推测在此期间各大高校和科研院所仍可能会以基础版为考核参考标准。 提示:中科院分区官方微信公众号“fenqubiao”仅提供基础版数据查询,暂无升级版数据,请注意区分。

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